# Posts published in “Recursion”

Implement a basic calculator to evaluate a simple expression string.

The expression string may contain open ( and closing parentheses ), the plus + or minus sign -non-negative integers and empty spaces .

Example 1:

Input: "1 + 1"
Output: 2


Example 2:

Input: " 2-1 + 2 "
Output: 3

Example 3:

Input: "(1+(4+5+2)-3)+(6+8)"
Output: 23

Note:

• You may assume that the given expression is always valid.
• Do not use the eval built-in library function.

## Solution: Recursion

Make a recursive call when there is an open parenthesis and return if there is close parenthesis.

Time complexity: O(n)
Space complexity: O(n)

## Python3

Alex and Lee continue their games with piles of stones.  There are a number of piles arranged in a row, and each pile has a positive integer number of stones piles[i].  The objective of the game is to end with the most stones.

Alex and Lee take turns, with Alex starting first.  Initially, M = 1.

On each player’s turn, that player can take all the stones in the first X remaining piles, where 1 <= X <= 2M.  Then, we set M = max(M, X).

The game continues until all the stones have been taken.

Assuming Alex and Lee play optimally, return the maximum number of stones Alex can get.

Example 1:

Input: piles = [2,7,9,4,4]
Output: 10
Explanation:  If Alex takes one pile at the beginning, Lee takes two piles, then Alex takes 2 piles again. Alex can get 2 + 4 + 4 = 10 piles in total. If Alex takes two piles at the beginning, then Lee can take all three piles left. In this case, Alex get 2 + 7 = 9 piles in total. So we return 10 since it's larger.


Constraints:

• 1 <= piles.length <= 100
• 1 <= piles[i] <= 10 ^ 4

## Solution: Recursion + Memoization

def solve(s, m) = max diff score between two players starting from s for the given M.

cache[s][M] = max{sum(piles[s:s+x]) – solve(s+x, max(x, M)}, 1 <= x <= 2*M, s + x <= n

Time complexity: O(n^3)
Space complexity: O(n^2)

## C++

Return the result of evaluating a given boolean expression, represented as a string.

An expression can either be:

• "t", evaluating to True;
• "f", evaluating to False;
• "!(expr)", evaluating to the logical NOT of the inner expression expr;
• "&(expr1,expr2,...)", evaluating to the logical AND of 2 or more inner expressions expr1, expr2, ...;
• "|(expr1,expr2,...)", evaluating to the logical OR of 2 or more inner expressions expr1, expr2, ...

Example 1:

Input: expression = "!(f)"
Output: true


Example 2:

Input: expression = "|(f,t)"
Output: true


Example 3:

Input: expression = "&(t,f)"
Output: false


Example 4:

Input: expression = "|(&(t,f,t),!(t))"
Output: false

## Solution: Recursion

Time complexity: O(n)
Space complexity: O(n)

## Java

Given an encoded string, return it’s decoded string.

The encoding rule is: k[encoded_string], where the encoded_string inside the square brackets is being repeated exactly k times. Note that k is guaranteed to be a positive integer.

You may assume that the input string is always valid; No extra white spaces, square brackets are well-formed, etc.

Furthermore, you may assume that the original data does not contain any digits and that digits are only for those repeat numbers, k. For example, there won’t be input like 3a or 2[4].

Examples:

s = "3[a]2[bc]", return "aaabcbc".
s = "3[a2[c]]", return "accaccacc".
s = "2[abc]3[cd]ef", return "abcabccdcdcdef".

## Solution 1: Recursion

Time complexity: O(n^2)
Space complexity: O(n)

## C++

In the “100 game,” two players take turns adding, to a running total, any integer from 1..10. The player who first causes the running total to reach or exceed 100 wins.

What if we change the game so that players cannot re-use integers?

For example, two players might take turns drawing from a common pool of numbers of 1..15 without replacement until they reach a total >= 100.

Given an integer maxChoosableInteger and another integer desiredTotal, determine if the first player to move can force a win, assuming both players play optimally.

You can always assume that maxChoosableInteger will not be larger than 20 and desiredTotal will not be larger than 300.

Example

Solution: Recursion with memoization

Time complexity: O(2^M)

Space complexity: O(2^M)

C++

Java

Python3

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