# Huahua's Tech Road

https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-delete-getrandom-o1-duplicates-allowed/description/

Problem:

Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.

Note: Duplicate elements are allowed.

1. insert(val): Inserts an item val to the collection.
2. remove(val): Removes an item val from the collection if present.
3. getRandom: Returns a random element from current collection of elements. The probability of each element being returned is linearly related to the number of same value the collection contains.

Idea:

Hashtable + array

Solution:

Java

Related Problems:

Problem:

Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.

1. insert(val): Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.
2. remove(val): Removes an item val from the set if present.
3. getRandom: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.

Idea:

Hashtable + array

Time complexity:

O(1)

Solution:

Related Problems:

https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-longest-increasing-subsequence

Problem:

Given an unsorted array of integers, find the number of longest increasing subsequence.

Example 1:

Example 2:

Note: Length of the given array will be not exceed 2000 and the answer is guaranteed to be fit in 32-bit signed int.

Idea:

Dynamic programming

Solution1:

Solution2:

Related Problems:

https://leetcode.com/problems/cut-off-trees-for-golf-event/

Problem:

You are asked to cut off trees in a forest for a golf event. The forest is represented as a non-negative 2D map, in this map:

1. 0 represents the obstacle can’t be reached.
2. 1 represents the ground can be walked through.
3. The place with number bigger than 1 represents a tree can be walked through, and this positive number represents the tree’s height.

You are asked to cut off all the trees in this forest in the order of tree’s height – always cut off the tree with lowest height first. And after cutting, the original place has the tree will become a grass (value 1).

You will start from the point (0, 0) and you should output the minimum steps you need to walk to cut off all the trees. If you can’t cut off all the trees, output -1 in that situation.

You are guaranteed that no two trees have the same height and there is at least one tree needs to be cut off.

Example 1:

Example 2:

Example 3:

Hint: size of the given matrix will not exceed 50×50.

Idea:

Greedy + Shortest path

Identify and sort the trees by its heights, then find shortest paths between

0,0 to tree[1]
tree[1] to tree[2]

tree[n-1] to tree[n]

Time complexity: O(m^2n^2)

Space complexity: O(mn)

Solution:

Problem:

Design and implement a data structure for Least Frequently Used (LFU) cache. It should support the following operations: get and put.

get(key) – Get the value (will always be positive) of the key if the key exists in the cache, otherwise return -1.
put(key, value) – Set or insert the value if the key is not already present. When the cache reaches its capacity, it should invalidate the least frequently used item before inserting a new item. For the purpose of this problem, when there is a tie (i.e., two or more keys that have the same frequency), the least recently used key would be evicted.

Could you do both operations in O(1) time complexity?

Example:

Idea:
Hashtable + balanced search tree
Hashtable + double linked list
Solution 1: O(logc) c is the capacity

Solution 2: O(1)

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